![]() Responding JA is described as the ability to shift visual attention following other's social cues such as gaze or pointing, whereas initiating JA is the ability to direct another person’s attention through gaze or gestures with the aim of sharing an experience. 2 Literature reports two main components of JA: (1) response to JA and (2) initiation of JA. Joint attention (JA) is described as the ability to coordinate visual attention with another person and then shift the gaze toward an object or event 1 and does not require the gazer to be aware of the follower’s reaction. We hypothesized that differences in transitions and fixations are linked to ASD impairments in visual disengagement from face, in global scanning of the scene and in the ability to anticipate object’s action. These results suggest that children with ASD and those with TD show different visual patterns when they are expected to initiate joint attention but not when they respond to joint attention. No differences were found in the responding JA task between children with ASD and those with TD, whereas, in the initiating JA tasks, different patterns of fixation and transitions were shown between the groups. Gaze accuracy, transitions and fixations were analyzed. Eye-tracking technology was used to monitor the gaze of 17 children with ASD and 15 age-matched children with TD during the presentation of short video sequences involving one responding JA and two initiating JA tasks (initiating JA-1 and initiating JA-2). The aim of this study was to describe the differences in the visual patterns of toddlers with ASD and those with typical development (TD) during both responding JA and initiating JA tasks. Eye-tracking technology has largely been used to investigate responding JA, but rarely to study initiating JA especially in young children with ASD. Members are actively involved in numerous criminal activities including murder, drive-by-shootings, and weapons smuggling.Joint attention (JA), whose deficit is an early risk marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has two dimensions: (1) responding to JA and (2) initiating JA. Sets can also be found in Central America and Spain.Ĭriminal Activity: Members of the Vice Lords are primarily recognized for their drug trafficking activities and violent acts to protect their drug trade and territory. ![]() ![]() Location: Vice Lord sets have been confirmed in 28 states in the United Sates, the primary location being Chicago, Midwestern states and Eastern cities. Although recent attempts to unify the various sets under one umbrella organization have been unsuccessful, the gang, collectively, is becoming more sophisticated and organized. The Vice Lords are a predominately black gang consisting of numerous gang sets each with its own leadership and rank structure. Although endemic to the Chicago region, the Vice Lords have expanded into neighboring states to advance the gang’s criminal activity, and currently sets have been confirmed in 28 states, with a nationwide membership of nearly 35,000 members and associates. The gang has an estimated 20,000 members throughout the state, both in prison and on the streets. Membership/Hierarchy: As the second largest street gang in Chicago under the People Nation alliance, the Vice Lords represent a major force in Chicago and throughout the state of Illinois. The gang was formed for protection and profit. Originating in south Chicago, Illinois in 1958 by a group of black juveniles who had met at the Illinois Training School for Boys in St. History: The Vice Lords are the oldest and currently one of the most dominant and organized criminal enterprises in the state of Illinois. Vice Lords, aka: Vice Lord Nation, Conservative Vice Lords, Imperial Vice Lords, Insane Vice Lords, Four Corner Hustlers
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